Isomisi sokuqandisa sezokwelapha

Ukomisa iqhwa, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukomisa iqhwa, kuyinqubo yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni esezingeni eliphansi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha imikhiqizo engezwani nokushisa. Ubuchwepheshe manje sekuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ezinkampanini eziningi ezithaka imithi. Ngoba iwomisa ngobumnene umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokubhubhisa umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba.

一, umlando womshini wokuqandisa wezokwelapha

Ngo-1906, u-Jacques-Arsene de Assonval wasungula indlela yokumisa iqhwa e-College de France eParis. Kamuva, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, yasetshenziswa kabanzi ukulondoloza i-serum. Kusukela lapho, ukumisa iqhwa kuye kwaba enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulondoloza imithi engezwani nokushisa nezinto eziphilayo.

二, izinzuzo zomshini wezokwelapha okomisa iqhwa

1, gcina izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba

Ngokungafani nezindlela zokomisa ezisekelwe ekushiseni, ukomisa iqhwa kusebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-sublimation kanye ne-desorption ukuze kuhwamuke amanzi. Igwema ukushisa okukhulu ukuvikela ubuqotho bomkhiqizo, ongathinti izakhiwo zamakhemikhali noma ezibonakalayo.

2. Londoloza umsebenzi webhayoloji

Embonini yemithi, lapho imikhiqizo eminingi nezifanekiso zintekenteke, azinzinzi, futhi zingezwani nokushisa, le ndlela yokulondoloza ilungile. Ngokuvamile ukomisa iqhwa kuqinisekisa umsebenzi webhayoloji >90%.

3, kulula ukugcina nokuthutha

Umswakama wezidakamizwa ezomisiwe ngu-<3%, ofanele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside nokuthutha ekamelweni lokushisa. Vele ungeze amanzi ukuze ubuyisele umkhiqizo esimweni sawo sokuqala. Ikhono lokuzinzisa imikhiqizo kanye nokwandisa impilo yeshalofu yemithi nemithi lenze ukomiswa kweqhwa kube enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezemithi. Impilo yeshelufu yama-ejenti omiswe yiqhwa kuthiwa okungenani iyiminyaka emi-5 futhi ifike kwengama-30.

三, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile komshini wezokwelapha okomisa iqhwa

1. Impushana yezemithi

a: Umjovo: i-glycyrrhizin ehlanganisiwe eqandisiwe, i-interferon yomuntu ephinda ihlanganiswe γ, njll.

I-stem cell, i-biopharmaceutical, imithi yamakhemikhali;

b: Imithi yokugoma: umjovo wokugoma ongasebenzi we-encephalitis, umjovo we-BCG we-intradermal, umuthi wokugoma onciphile, i-yellow fever phila umgomo onciphile, njll.

c: Amaprotheni: i-immunoglobulin, i-prothrombin complex yomuntu, i-fibrinogen yomuntu, i-serum yesihlungu senyoka, i-serum ye-scorpion venom, i-Staphylococcus A imikhiqizo ehlanzekile yeprotheni, njll.;

d: Imithi elwa namagciwane: i-antitoxin ye-diphtheria eqandisiwe, i-antitoxin ye-tetanus eqandisiwe, njll.;

2. Izinto zokwakha zaseShayina (ukuqeda)

a: Izitshalo: Ginseng, Notoginseng, American ginseng, Dendrobium, Scutellaria skullcap, Licorice, Radix salva, Wolfberry, safflower, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, Ganoderma lucidum, ginger, Peony, peony, Rehmannia, yam (Huaishan, Astrachelus Cinkgo), Ginkgo Cinkgo , ikhasi lewolintshi, i-tremella tremella, I-Hawthorn, i-monk fruit, i-Gastrodia gastrodia, i-Tianshan Snow Lotus, njll.;

b: Izilwane: i-royal jelly, i-placenta, i-cordyceps, i-seahorse, inyongo yebhere, i-deer antler, igazi lenyamazane, i-musk, i-ejiao, i-heparin sodium, njll;

3. Izinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zebhayoloji, izinto zokusetshenziswa zezilwane, izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, izidakamizwa ezikhipha izinto ezigxilile;

4. I-reagent yokutholwa

Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo: izinto ezisebenza ngokulinganisa izinga lamanzi, ama-reagents okuhlola inhlabathi nokunye okomiswa yiqhwa;

I-reagent yokuhlonza ukuxilonga, i-reagent yokuthola ukuhlola, i-reagent yokuthola i-biochemical;

5, izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo, izicubu zezinto eziphilayo

Isibonelo, yenza izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo, zomise futhi ulondoloze isikhumba, i-cornea, ithambo, i-aorta, i-valve yenhliziyo nezinye izicubu eziseceleni ze-xenogeneic noma i-homologous transplantation yezilwane, njengeqhwa;

6. Ama-microorganisms kanye ne-algae

Njengezinhlobonhlobo zamabhaktheriya, imvubelo, ama-enzyme, i-protozoa, i-micro-algae nokunye ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside, njengokumisa iqhwa.

7, imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, izidakamizwa

Njengokugcinwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ama-antitoxin, izinsiza zokuxilonga kanye nemithi yokugoma;

四, inqubo yokomisa izidakamizwa

Empeleni, imithi eyomiswa yiqhwa inezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuqandisa, ukomisa okuyisisekelo, nokomisa kwesibili, okuhlanganisa:

Ukuqandisa: Umkhiqizo wamanzi uqaqwa ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwamakristalu amakhulu angalimaza izindonga zamaseli wento.

Ukomisa okuyisisekelo (i-sublimation): Lesi yisigaba sesibili senqubo yokumisa iqhwa, lapho ingcindezi iyancipha futhi ukushisa kubangela ukuthi amanzi ayiqhwa ahwamuke. Kuye ngesampula, le nqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emahoreni ambalwa ukuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukuqeda. Uma ukomisa okuyisisekelo sekuphelile, u-93-95% wamanzi usuphelile.

Ukomiswa kwesibili (i-adsorption): Lesi yisigaba sokugcina lapho izinga lokushisa libuye likhushulwe ukuze kususwe umswakama osele. Amanzi asele avaleleke ku-matrix eqinile achithwa ngokukhuphula izinga lokushisa.

Umuthi omiswe ngendlela eqandisiwe ube usupakishwa ezitsheni zengilazi ezinezivalo zenjoloba namakepisi aboshwe nge-aluminium.

五. Izidakamizwa ezifanele ukomisa iqhwa

Izibonelo zemithi eqandisiwe yilezi:

umgomo.

amasosha omzimba.

i-erythrocyte

iplasma

i-hormone

amagciwane

Igciwane.

i-enzyme

ama-probiotics

Amavithamini namaminerali

I-collagen peptide

i-electrolyte

Isithako sezemithi esisebenzayo

六, kunconywa ukomisa okomisa kwemithi

Okomisa okomisa okokuhlola

Isomisi esiqandisa umshayeli

I-Biological freeze-dryer

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