Ngokushintsha kwezindlela zokuphila zesimanje, umqondo wobunikazi bezilwane uhlala uvela. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokomisa iqhwa kulethe izinguquko eziguquguqukayo embonini yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe, njengomkhiqizo walokhu kuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kuzoba yinyama yesibindi yemvelo emsulwa, inhlanzi nezimfanzi, izithelo nemifino kanye nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ngenqubo yokumisa i-vacuum, ngaphandle kokulondolozwa nemibala, ukuze kuhlinzekwe izilwane ezifuywayo. ukukhetha okuphephile, okunomsoco kanye nokudla okuphelele. Lokhu kudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okunomsoco kakhulu kuhlangabezana nezidingo zempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhwalithi yangempela yezithako, okugqamisa indima ebalulekileqhwa okomisas ekucubunguleni ukudla kwezilwane zanamuhla.
一. Kuyini ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziqandisiwe
Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe ngokuvamile kusebenzisa imfuyo emsulwa yemvelo kanye nenyama yenkukhu yesibindi, inhlanzi nezimfanzi, izithelo nemifino njengempahla eluhlaza, ngaphandle kokwengeza noma yiziphi izilondolozi nemibala, futhi kusebenzisa inqubo yokomisa i-vacuum ukuze kubulawe ngokuphelele amagciwane namagciwane okungenzeka akhona. izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyinto ephephile kakhulu izingane. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okuzenzela, ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe yiqhwa okusha, okungacutshunguliwe nokunempilo kwesilwane esifuywayo okungaqinisekisa ibhalansi egcwele yokudla okunomsoco.
二. Izinzuzo zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziqandisiwe
hyperalimentation
Inqubo yokumisa i-vacuum yinqubo yokomisa eyenziwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu kanye ne-vacuum degree ephezulu. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, izithako ngokuyisisekelo zisendaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo futhi emnyama ngokuphelele. I-denaturation eshisayo incane, egcina ngokuphumelelayo umbala, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nokuma kwezithako ezintsha. Futhi wandise ukulondolozwa kwamavithamini ahlukahlukene, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni nezinye izakhi ezithanjeni kanye ne-chlorophyll, ama-enzyme e-biological, ama-amino acid nezinye izakhi kanye nezinto zokunambitheka,
Ukunambitheka okunamandla
Ngoba enqubweni yokumisa iqhwa, amanzi ekudleni athola indawo yokuqala, egwema indlela yokomisa evamile, ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi angaphakathi kanye nokufuduka kokudla endaweni yayo kanye nezakhamzimba ziyiswa phezulu. ukudla, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezakhi kanye nokuqina kokudla. Inyama ephelelwe amanzi inambitheka kakhulu kuneyasekuqaleni, ithuthukisa ukunambitheka.
Ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni okuphezulu
Enqubweni yokumisa iqhwa, amakristalu eqhwa aqinile ancibilika abe umhwamuko wamanzi, ashiye izimbotshana ezithakweni, ngakho ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo esomile okufakwe iqhwa kunesakhiwo esinezimbotshana ze-spongiform esomile, ngakho-ke kunokuncibilika ngokushesha okufanelekile kanye nokubuyisela ngokushesha futhi cishe okuphelele. Uma nje inani elifanele lamanzi lengezwa lapho udla, lingabuyiselwa cishe libe mnandi ngamasekhondi ambalwa kuya emizuzwini embalwa. Lokhu kuyixazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi kokudla okomile kwezilwane ezifuywayo futhi kwandisa ukutholakala kwamanzi kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukulondolozwa okude kakhulu
Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe kuphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni futhi akulula, ngakho kulula kakhulu ukukusebenzisa noma ukukuphatha, futhi ukudla okuningi kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifriziwe kupakishwa ku-vacuum noma okugcwele i-nitrogen futhi kugcinwe kude nokukhanya. Impilo yeshelufu yale phakheji evaliwe ekamelweni lokushisa ingaba iminyaka emi-3 kuye kwemi-5, noma ngaphezulu
三. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo esiqandisiwe nokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo esiphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni?
Ukudla okomisiwe okufriziwe empeleni kusebenzisa inqubo yokuqandisa ngokushesha kanye ne-vacuum sublimation, kuyilapho ukudla okuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (okufana nemifino kumaphakheji we-condiment ama-noodle kungukudla okuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni) kuvame ukusebenzisa inqubo yokugqugquzela ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ekudleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuzenzisa. Kubandakanya ukomiswa kwemvelo (ukomisa ilanga, ukomiswa komoya, ukomisa umthunzi) nokomisa okwenziwa (ihhavini, igumbi lokumisa, ukomisa ngemishini, ezinye izindlela) nezinye izindlela.
Ukudla okomisiwe okufriziwe kuvame ukulondoloza iningi lombala, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunomsoco, futhi alukho ushintsho olukhulu ekubukekeni, ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni okuqinile, kungabuye kugcinwe isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwama-preservatives, futhi kungagcina kakhulu. amanye amavithamini namaminerali, kodwa uma iqhathaniswa nezithelo ezintsha, ngokuvamile ayinawo amavithamini, njengovithamini C.
Ukudla okuphelelwa amanzi ngokuvamile kuvame umbala, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nokwakheka okunomsoco kuzoshintsha, futhi ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni kubi kakhulu, ukudla okungenamanzi ohlelweni lokulondoloza, ngokuvamile kulula ukubola amavithamini namaminerali, ngakho-ke inani layo lokudla okunomsoco alikho kuhle njengeqhwa. -ukudla okomisiwe.
四. Inqubo yokwenza ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomile
(1) Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
Ukukhetha impahla eluhlaza, khetha inkukhu entsha, idada, inyama yenkomo, iwundlu, inhlanzi nokunye.
(2) Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili
Ukuthengwa kwezinto ezinhle zokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokwelashwa okomisa iqhwa, izinto ezihlukene zinezinqubo ezahlukene zokwelashwa, ngokuvamile zisika izinto zibe yisimo esidingekayo, bese zihlanzwa, zihlanjululwe, zifakwe inzalo, njll., inhloso ukususa imfucumfucu ukuze i-sublimate futhi yomile ukuvimbela amafutha amaningi okubangwa ukuwohloka kwe-oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa ukuba khona komsebenzi we-autolyase enyameni. Ngemuva kokucubungula, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zifakwa emathreyini futhi zilungele isinyathelo esilandelayo.
(3), izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuqandisa
Amanzi amahhala ezithako zenyama aqiniswa, ukuze umkhiqizo oqediwe ube nesimo esifanayo ngemva kokomiswa nangaphambi kokomisa, ukuvimbela izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa ezifana negwebu, ukugxila, ukuncipha kanye nokunyakaza kwe-solute ngesikhathi sokumisa i-vacuum, nokunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwe-substability ne-solubility. izinguquko ezicini zokuphila ezibangelwa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini sekuqediwe, izinto zokusetshenziswa zizoqandiswa endaweni yokugcina impahla eqandisiwe kanye namashumi amadigri angemahle. Ukuqandisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwenziwa ngokwezinga lokuqandisa langaphambili lempahla, izinga lokushisa elincane langaphambi kokubanda, kanye nesikhathi sokuqandisa sangaphambi kwesikhathi. Izinto ezijwayelekile zingaqala ukuvala i-vacuum sublimation emahoreni angu-1-2 ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lifinyelele izinga lokushisa elincane leqhwa langaphambili.
(4), iqhwa-yomiswa
I-Lyophilization ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili nezigaba: ukomisa i-sublimation kanye nokoma kwe-desorption. Ukomiswa kwe-sublimation kuyaziwa nangokuthi isigaba sokuqala sokumisa, umkhiqizo oqandisiwe ushiswa esitsheni se-vacuum esivaliwe, lapho wonke amakristalu eqhwa esuswa, isigaba sokuqala sokumisa siqediwe, ngalesi sikhathi cishe i-90% yawo wonke amanzi isusiwe. Ukomisa kuqala kusuka endaweni engaphandle futhi kancane kancane kuqhubekele ngaphakathi, futhi igebe elisele ngemva kwe-sublimation yekristalu yeqhwa liba umzila wokuphunyuka womhwamuko wamanzi ongaphansi.
Ukomiswa kwe-Desorption kwaziwa nangokuthi isigaba sesibili sokomisa, uma iqhwa emkhiqizweni selinciphile, ukomiswa komkhiqizo kungena esigabeni sesibili. Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqala sokumisa, kukhona nengxenye yamanzi adsorbed odongeni lwe-capillary kanye namaqembu e-polar wento eyomile, engafriziwe. Lapho befinyelela inani elithile, banikeza izimo zokukhula nokukhiqizwa kwama-microorganisms kanye nokusabela okuthile. Ukuze kuzuzwe umswakama ofanelekile oyinsalela womkhiqizo, uthuthukise ukuqina kokugcinwa komkhiqizo, futhi wandise isikhathi sokuwugcina, umkhiqizo kufanele womiswe futhi. Ngemva kwesigaba sesibili sokumisa, umswakama osele emkhiqizweni uncike ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo. Ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-0.45% no-4%.
(5) Kuqediwe ukupakishwa komkhiqizo
Gcina ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe zibe yiqhwa emaphaketheni avaliwe ukuze ugweme ukumanzisa kabusha.
五. Ifanele izidingo zezilwane ezifuywayo ezahlukene
Amakati: Ukudla kwekati omisiwe okuqandisiwe kuvame ukwenzelwa izidingo zokudla kwekati lakho futhi kunamaprotheni amaningi, amavithamini namaminerali ukusiza ukugcina ijazi elinempilo kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Futhi, kumakati athanda ukudla inyama, okunye ukudla kwekati omisiwe kungase kunikeze izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokunambitheka kwenyama.
Okwezinja: Ukudla kwenja efriziwe kungase kwenziwe ngokugxila kakhulu kumaprotheni, amavithamini namafutha ukuze kusekele ubungqabavu nempilo yenja yakho. Kungase kube nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla kwezinja ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene, ubudala, namazinga omsebenzi, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yezidingo ezikhethekile zokudla, njengezinja ezinokungezwani nokudla okuthile, okungase kube nokwakheka okukhethekile.
Ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo: Ngaphezu kwamakati nezinja, ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, njengonogwaja, ama-hamster, njll., zingase zibe nokudla okukhethekile okomisiwe. Lokhu kudla kuvame ukuqukatha imisoco ekhethekile lezi zilwane ezizidingayo, isibonelo, onogwaja kungase kube nokugcizelelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-fiber ephezulu, futhi kuma-hamster kungase kube nokugxila okukhulu esilinganisweni samaprotheni nama-carbohydrates.
Ukufika kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifakwe zibe yiqhwa kuyishintshe ngokuphelele indlela izilwane ezifuywayo ezikhuliswa ngayo, futhi inqubo yakho yokumisa i-vacuum ivumela ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ukugcina umbala, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nokudla okunomsoco kweziningi zezithako zokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo esiphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifriziwe kuphakeme ngokunambitheka, impilo yeshalofu kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo. Ukudla okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kwezidingo zezilwane ezifuywayo kunikeza umsoco ophelele futhi olinganiselayo wezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okomisiwe akufanelekile kuphela ezifuyweni ezivamile njengamakati nezinja, kodwa futhi kungahlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukene zokudla okunomsoco kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezifana onogwaja nama-hamster. Ukufika kwalokhu kudla okusha kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngokungangabazeki kuzoholela ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemiqondo yokukhulisa izilwane ezifuywayo.
Uma unentshisekelo kubuchwepheshe bokumisa iqhwa noma ukwenza ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziqandisiwe, noma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngemikhiqizo yethu, sicela ukhululekeXhumana nathi. Sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni zonke izinhlobo zemishini yokomisa okomisa, okuhlanganisaSebenzisa umshini wokomisa umshini wasekhaya, Isomisi esiqandisiwe saselabhorethri,umshini wokomisa umshayeli wendizafuthiumshini wokomisa ukukhiqiza. Nakuba singakuhlinzeki ngokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lingakunikeza izeluleko nezisombululo ezenziwe ngezifiso kubuchwepheshe bokumisa iqhwa. Uma unemibuzo noma izidingo, sicela ukhululeke ukusishayela ucingo noma usithumele i-imeyili futhi sizokujabulela ukukusebenzela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-12-2024
