Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-chemistry eluhlaza, izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-cashew okunenani eliphezulu kudonsela ukunaka okwandayo. Njengomthombo obalulekile woketshezi okhishwe emagobolondweni e-cashew nut, uketshezi lwe-cashew nut shell luguqulwa lusuka kumkhiqizo ongaphansi kwe-ezolimo lube yizinto zemvelo eziyigugu ze-phenolic zokugqoka, ama-resin, izinamathiseli, nezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
Uketshezi lwegobolondo le-cashew nut, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-CNSL, luyingxube yemvelo ye-phenolic etholakala ngokucindezela noma ukukhipha amagobolondo e-cashew nut. Ukwakheka kwalo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokukhipha kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ngokushisa. I-CNSL yemvelo ivame ukuqukethe i-anacardic acid, i-cardanol, i-cardol, kanye nenani elincane le-methyl cardol. Ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa okukhethekile, i-anacardic acid ingadlula ku-decarboxylation bese iguqulwa ibe yi-cardanol, okwandisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-cardanol ku-CNSL yobuchwepheshe.
I-Cardanol iwumkhiqizo obalulekile otholakala ngokukhipha, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuhlanzwa koketshezi lwegobolondo le-cashew nut. Ingumxube we-phenolic wemvelo onesakhiwo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele. I-molecule yayo iqukethe indandatho ye-benzene, iqembu le-hydroxyl eliyi-polar, kanye nochungechunge lwe-carbon olude lwe-C15 olungagcwalisiwe oluxhunywe endaweni ye-meta. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-cardanol izinzuzo eziningi zokusebenza: indandatho ye-benzene isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokushisa; iqembu le-hydroxyl linikeza ikhono lokumanzisa elingcono kanye nokusebenza kabusha ezindaweni zokuthintana; kanti uchungechunge olude lwe-C15 olungagcwalisiwe lusiza ekuguquguqukeni okuhle, ukungangeni kahle kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu, ukungena kwamanzi okuphansi, kanye nezakhiwo zokuzomisa.
Ngenxa yalezi zici, i-cardanol ingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo noma njengesithasiselo esiyingxenye se-phenol ekukhiqizweni kwama-epoxy curing agents, ama-phenolic resins, ama-phenolic laminates, ama-laminates ambozwe ngethusi, amabhodi e-HB, ama-surfactants, ama-phenolic resins asezingeni lokumboza, izinamathiseli, izinto zokungqubuzana, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali esuselwe ku-bio. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-phenolic zendabuko ze-petrochemical, i-cardanol itholakala ezinsizeni zezitshalo ezivuselelekayo futhi ihlanganisa izinzuzo zokusebenza nenani lezinto eziluhlaza, iyinika amandla amakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali anekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisimeme.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthola i-cardanol esezingeni eliphezulu kusuka kuketshezi lwegobolondo le-cashew nut ngendlela ezinzile nephumelelayo akulula. I-CNSL iyinto enamafutha yemvelo ebilayo kakhulu, ezwela ukushisa, futhi enobuthi obuphezulu. Ezinqubweni zendabuko zokucwilisa, ingabhekana nezinselele ezifana nesikhathi eside sokushisa, ukufiphala kombala, ukubilisa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezingazinzile. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ukulawulwa okungafanele kwe-vacuum degree, indlela yokushisa, isikhathi sokuhlala, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufiphala kungathinta ngqo ubumsulwa, umbala, kanye nokusebenza kwesicelo se-cardanol.
Ukuhluzwa kwe-molecular okufingqiwe ngefilimu emfushane kunikeza isisombululo esifaneleka kakhulu sokuhlanzwa kwalolu hlobo lwezinto zemvelo ze-phenolic. Ngemva kokuba izinto zingene ohlelweni lokuhluzwa kwe-molecular, i-wiper yakha ifilimu encane efanayo odongeni lokuhwamuka. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu ze-vacuum, izingxenye ezikhanyayo nezingxenye ezisindayo zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhluzwa kwendabuko, ukuhluzwa kwe-molecular kunikeza isikhathi esifushane sokuhlala kwezinto, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elithambile, ingozi ephansi yokubola kokushisa, kanye nekhono lokucubungula eliqhubekayo. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzweni kwezinto ezibila kakhulu, ezinobukhulu obuphezulu, kanye nezizwela ekushiseni. ZONBILI izinhlelo zokuhluzwa kwe-molecular zingalungiswa njengohlobo lwengilazi, uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali, isigaba esisodwa, isigaba ezimbili, izigaba eziningi, kanye nezinhlelo zokudla nokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo ngokwezici zezinto ezahlukene, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene kusukela ocwaningweni lwelabhorethri kuya ekukhulisweni kokuhlola kanye nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwezimboni.
Esigabeni se-R&D selabhorethri, izinkampani zingasebenzisa uhlelo lokuqala lwe-glass wiped film short path molecular distillation system ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuncane kumasampula e-CNSL. Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukugeleza kwezinto, izinguquko zombala, ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, kanye nokuqina kwe-vacuum, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ngokushesha amapharamitha afana nokushisa, izinga le-vacuum, izinga lokudla, kanye nezimo zokuminyana.
Esigabeni sokukhulisa isivinini, imishini yokucwilisa ama-molecule ensimbi engagqwali ingakhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nomthamo wokucubungula. Lesi sigaba sifanele ukuqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo ukudla okuqhubekayo, ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuqina kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Kumaphrojekthi okukhiqiza ezimbonini, uhlelo lungafakelwa ukushisa okugcwele, ukudla nokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo, ukukhishwa kwephampu yegiya, amayunithi e-vacuum aphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwesibambo esibandayo, kanye namamojula okulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kulungiswa kusiza ukunciphisa izingozi zokuvaleka, ukubilisa, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-vacuum, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuzinza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kokukhiqizwa kwe-cardanol.
Kusukela ohlangothini lokusetshenziswa, i-cardanol ayikwazi ukukhonza kuphela izembozo, i-epoxy curing agent, i-phenolic resin, kanye nezimboni ze-laminate ezimbozwe ngethusi, kodwa futhi ikhula ibe yi-surfactants, amakhemikhali asezindaweni zikawoyela, izithasiselo zerabha, izinto zokungqubuzana, izinamathiseli, kanye nezinto ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-bio. Njengoba isidingo semakethe sanda sezinto eziphansi ze-VOC, ezivuselelekayo, ezingagqwali, nezisebenza kahle kakhulu, inani lezimboni le-cardanol kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke likhula.
Ngaphezu kokuhlanzwa kwe-cardanol kusuka ku-CNSL, amafutha emvelo afanayo, izithako zezitshalo, izithako ezisebenzayo zamakhambi, uwoyela wezinhlanzi we-Omega-3, i-vitamin E, uwoyela we-MCT, i-biodiesel, kanye neminye imisebenzi ingakha imigqa yokukhiqiza ephelele ngokukhipha, ukuhwamuka, ukuhluzwa kwama-molecule, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza. Kweminye imisebenzi yokudla, yamakhambi, ye-nutraceutical, kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, ubuchwepheshe bokomisa ngokuqandisa bungahlanganiswa futhi ukuze kuqiniswe izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukomisa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo, okwandisa kakhulu izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zemvelo ezinenani eliphezulu. ZOMBILI imishini yokomisa ngokuqandisa isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kokudla, kwezokwelapha ngemithi, ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo wokudla okunempilo kanye nowezempilo, kanye nocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo, futhi ingahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuhlanza zama-molecule ukwakha isisombululo senqubo esiphelele kakhudlwana.
Kumaphrojekthi okuhlanzwa kwe-CNSL kuya ku-cardanol, i-BOTH ingahlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuhluza zama-molecule ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni zezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhasimende, ubumsulwa obuqondiwe, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina, kanye nomthamo odingekayo. Kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwelabhorethri kanye nokwandiswa kokuhlola kuya emigqeni yokukhiqiza yezimboni, i-BOTH isiza amakhasimende ukuthi anciphise isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa, futhi akhe isisekelo esiqinile sokukhiqiza okukhulu kwesikhathi esizayo.
Uma uhlela iphrojekthi yokuhlanza uketshezi lwegobolondo le-cashew nut ukuze kukhiqizwe i-cardanol, kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise lezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo kusengaphambili:
Singakanani isikali sakho sokukhiqiza samanje?
Ingabe uhlela ukwandisa umkhiqizo esikhathini esizayo?
Yimuphi umthamo wokucubungula owudingayo, njenge-kg/h, kg/day, noma i-ton/day?
Xhumana nonjiniyela BOBABILI ukuze uthole ukukhethwa kwemishini okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nesisombululo esiphelele senqubo yokuhlanzwa kwe-cardanol kusuka kuketshezi lwegobolondo le-cashew nut.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-16-2026
